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  <title>Chapitre 31 Ajouter un encodage (aesthetics) | Visualisation de données : éléments théoriques et applications avec R</title>
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<ul class="summary">
<li><a href="./">Visualisation de données : éléments théoriques et applications avec R</a></li>

<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Prerequis</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html#installer-r"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Installer R</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html#installer-rstudio-facultatif"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Installer RStudio (facultatif)</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html#installer-les-packages-nécessaires"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Installer les packages nécessaires</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1" data-path="intro.html"><a href="intro.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1</b> Intro</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1" data-path="intro.html"><a href="intro.html#définition"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1</b> Définition</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.2" data-path="intro.html"><a href="intro.html#todo"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.2</b> TODO</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2" data-path="ue-visualisation.html"><a href="ue-visualisation.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2</b> UE Visualisation</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.0.1" data-path="ue-visualisation.html"><a href="ue-visualisation.html#section"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.0.1</b> 2019-2020</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1" data-path="ue-visualisation.html"><a href="ue-visualisation.html#dr.antoine-neuraz"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1</b> Dr. Antoine Neuraz</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.1" data-path="ue-visualisation.html"><a href="ue-visualisation.html#ahu-informatique-médicale"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.1</b> AHU Informatique médicale</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.2" data-path="ue-visualisation.html"><a href="ue-visualisation.html#ère-moitié-du-cours-théorie"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.2</b> 1ère moitié du cours: théorie</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.3" data-path="ue-visualisation.html"><a href="ue-visualisation.html#ème-moitié-du-cours-mise-en-pratique"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.3</b> 2ème moitié du cours: mise en pratique</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3" data-path="visualisation.html"><a href="visualisation.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3</b> Visualisation</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4" data-path="pourquoi-visualiser-graphiquement.html"><a href="pourquoi-visualiser-graphiquement.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4</b> Pourquoi visualiser graphiquement ?</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5" data-path="pourquoi-mettre-un-ordinateur-dans-la-boucle.html"><a href="pourquoi-mettre-un-ordinateur-dans-la-boucle.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5</b> Pourquoi mettre un ordinateur dans la boucle ?</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1" data-path="pourquoi-mettre-un-ordinateur-dans-la-boucle.html"><a href="pourquoi-mettre-un-ordinateur-dans-la-boucle.html#passage-à-léchelle"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1</b> ## <strong>Passage à l’échelle</strong></a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2" data-path="pourquoi-mettre-un-ordinateur-dans-la-boucle.html"><a href="pourquoi-mettre-un-ordinateur-dans-la-boucle.html#efficience-réutilisation-diffusion"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2</b> <strong>Efficience</strong>: réutilisation, diffusion</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6" data-path="buts-dune-visualisation.html"><a href="buts-dune-visualisation.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6</b> Buts d’une visualisation</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7" data-path="définition-1.html"><a href="définition-1.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7</b> Définition</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.0.1" data-path="définition-1.html"><a href="définition-1.html#la-visualisation-est-le-processus-qui-transforme-les-données-en-représentation-graphique-interactive-à-des-fins-d-exploration-de-confirmation-ou-de-communication."><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.0.1</b> La visualisation est le processus qui <strong>transforme</strong> les données en <strong>représentation graphique</strong> interactive à des fins d’ <strong>exploration</strong>, de <strong>confirmation</strong> ou de <strong>communication</strong>.</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8" data-path="pourquoi-ne-pas-se-limiter-aux-statistiques.html"><a href="pourquoi-ne-pas-se-limiter-aux-statistiques.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8</b> Pourquoi ne pas se limiter aux statistiques ?</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9" data-path="anscombes-quartet.html"><a href="anscombes-quartet.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9</b> Anscombe’s quartet</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10" data-path="datasaurus-dozen.html"><a href="datasaurus-dozen.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10</b> Datasaurus dozen</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.1" data-path="datasaurus-dozen.html"><a href="datasaurus-dozen.html#un-peu-dhistoire-enregistrer"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.1</b> Un peu d’histoire: enregistrer</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.1.1" data-path="datasaurus-dozen.html"><a href="datasaurus-dozen.html#john-snow-1854"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.1.1</b> John Snow (1854)</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11" data-path="second-of-internet.html"><a href="second-of-internet.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11</b> 1 second of internet</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12" data-path="types-de-datasets.html"><a href="types-de-datasets.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12</b> Types de datasets</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.1" data-path="types-de-datasets.html"><a href="types-de-datasets.html#scale-100"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.1</b> <img src="img/donnees_tableau.png" alt=":scale 100%" /></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13" data-path="autres-caractéristiques-des-données.html"><a href="autres-caractéristiques-des-données.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13</b> Autres caractéristiques des données</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13.0.1" data-path="autres-caractéristiques-des-données.html"><a href="autres-caractéristiques-des-données.html#liens-relation-entre-2-entités-observations-noeuds"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.0.1</b> <strong>Liens</strong> : relation entre 2 entités (observations, noeuds)</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13.0.2" data-path="autres-caractéristiques-des-données.html"><a href="autres-caractéristiques-des-données.html#positions-données-spatiales"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.0.2</b> <strong>Positions</strong> (données spatiales)</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13.0.3" data-path="autres-caractéristiques-des-données.html"><a href="autres-caractéristiques-des-données.html#grilles-grids-stratégie-déchantillonage-de-données-continues"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.0.3</b> <strong>Grilles</strong> (grids) : stratégie d’échantillonage de données continues</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14" data-path="variables-quantitatives.html"><a href="variables-quantitatives.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14</b> Variables quantitatives</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.0.1" data-path="variables-quantitatives.html"><a href="variables-quantitatives.html#intervalles-zéro-arbitraire"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.0.1</b> <strong>Intervalles</strong> = zéro arbitraire</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.0.2" data-path="variables-quantitatives.html"><a href="variables-quantitatives.html#ratios-zero-absolu"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.0.2</b> <strong>Ratios</strong> = zero absolu</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="15" data-path="marques-et-échelles.html"><a href="marques-et-échelles.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>15</b> Marques et échelles</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16" data-path="marques-pour-observations.html"><a href="marques-pour-observations.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16</b> Marques pour observations</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.1" data-path="marques-pour-observations.html"><a href="marques-pour-observations.html#eléments-géométriques-de-base"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.1</b> Eléments géométriques de base</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.1.1" data-path="marques-pour-observations.html"><a href="marques-pour-observations.html#contrôle-lapparence-proportionnellement-ou-en-fonction-de-variables"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.1.1</b> Contrôle l’apparence proportionnellement ou en fonction de variables</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="17" data-path="utiliser-les-marques-et-les-échelles.html"><a href="utiliser-les-marques-et-les-échelles.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>17</b> Utiliser les marques et les échelles</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="18" data-path="utiliser-les-marques-et-les-échelles-1.html"><a href="utiliser-les-marques-et-les-échelles-1.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>18</b> Utiliser les marques et les échelles</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19" data-path="utiliser-les-marques-et-les-échelles-2.html"><a href="utiliser-les-marques-et-les-échelles-2.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19</b> Utiliser les marques et les échelles</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.0.1" data-path="utiliser-les-marques-et-les-échelles-2.html"><a href="utiliser-les-marques-et-les-échelles-2.html#longueur-position-et-luminosité"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.0.1</b> Longueur, position et Luminosité</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.1" data-path="utiliser-les-marques-et-les-échelles-2.html"><a href="utiliser-les-marques-et-les-échelles-2.html#echelles---efficience"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.1</b> Echelles - efficience</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="20" data-path="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html"><a href="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>20</b> Types de datasets et types de données</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="20.1" data-path="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html"><a href="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html#types-de-datasets-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>20.1</b> Types de datasets</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="20.1.1" data-path="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html"><a href="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html#données-tabulaires"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>20.1.1</b> Données tabulaires</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="20.1.2" data-path="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html"><a href="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html#réseaux"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>20.1.2</b> Réseaux</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="20.1.3" data-path="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html"><a href="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html#todo-champs"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>20.1.3</b> TODO: Champs</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="20.1.4" data-path="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html"><a href="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html#todo-spacial"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>20.1.4</b> TODO: Spacial</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="20.2" data-path="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html"><a href="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html#types-de-données"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>20.2</b> Types de données</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="20.2.1" data-path="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html"><a href="types-de-datasets-et-types-de-données.html#todo-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>20.2.1</b> TODO</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="21" data-path="perception-système-visuel-marques-et-canaux-couleurs.html"><a href="perception-système-visuel-marques-et-canaux-couleurs.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>21</b> Perception : système visuel, marques et canaux, couleurs</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="21.1" data-path="perception-système-visuel-marques-et-canaux-couleurs.html"><a href="perception-système-visuel-marques-et-canaux-couleurs.html#todo-2"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>21.1</b> TODO</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="21.2" data-path="perception-système-visuel-marques-et-canaux-couleurs.html"><a href="perception-système-visuel-marques-et-canaux-couleurs.html#types-de-marques"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>21.2</b> Types de marques</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="21.3" data-path="perception-système-visuel-marques-et-canaux-couleurs.html"><a href="perception-système-visuel-marques-et-canaux-couleurs.html#mappings-in-ggplot"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>21.3</b> Mappings in ggplot</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="21.4" data-path="perception-système-visuel-marques-et-canaux-couleurs.html"><a href="perception-système-visuel-marques-et-canaux-couleurs.html#scales-in-ggplot"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>21.4</b> scales in ggplot</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="22" data-path="abstraction-de-tâche.html"><a href="abstraction-de-tâche.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>22</b> Abstraction de tâche</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="22.1" data-path="abstraction-de-tâche.html"><a href="abstraction-de-tâche.html#todo-3"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>22.1</b> TODO</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="23" data-path="principes-de-design.html"><a href="principes-de-design.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>23</b> Principes de design</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="23.1" data-path="principes-de-design.html"><a href="principes-de-design.html#todo-4"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>23.1</b> TODO</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="24" data-path="visualisation-de-données-tabulaires.html"><a href="visualisation-de-données-tabulaires.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>24</b> Visualisation de données tabulaires</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="24.1" data-path="visualisation-de-données-tabulaires.html"><a href="visualisation-de-données-tabulaires.html#todo-5"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>24.1</b> TODO</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="25" data-path="interaction.html"><a href="interaction.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>25</b> Interaction</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="25.1" data-path="interaction.html"><a href="interaction.html#todo-6"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>25.1</b> TODO</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="26" data-path="visualisation-de-données-spatiales.html"><a href="visualisation-de-données-spatiales.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>26</b> Visualisation de données spatiales</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="26.1" data-path="visualisation-de-données-spatiales.html"><a href="visualisation-de-données-spatiales.html#todo-7"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>26.1</b> TODO</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="27" data-path="visualisation-de-réseaux-et-graphes.html"><a href="visualisation-de-réseaux-et-graphes.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>27</b> Visualisation de réseaux et graphes</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="28" data-path="visualisation-de-texte.html"><a href="visualisation-de-texte.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>28</b> Visualisation de texte</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="28.1" data-path="visualisation-de-texte.html"><a href="visualisation-de-texte.html#todo-8"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>28.1</b> TODO</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="29" data-path="visualisation-de-texte-1.html"><a href="visualisation-de-texte-1.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>29</b> Visualisation de texte</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="29.1" data-path="visualisation-de-texte-1.html"><a href="visualisation-de-texte-1.html#todo-9"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>29.1</b> TODO</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30" data-path="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html"><a href="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30</b> <code>ggplot2</code> : techniques avancées</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30.1" data-path="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html"><a href="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html#créer-son-propre-thème-ggplot2"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30.1</b> Créer son propre thème <code>ggplot2</code></a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30.1.1" data-path="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html"><a href="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html#un-thème-est-une-fonction"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30.1.1</b> un thème est une fonction</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30.1.2" data-path="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html"><a href="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html#modifier-un-thème-de-base-avec-replace"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30.1.2</b> modifier un thème de base avec <code>%+replace%</code></a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30.1.3" data-path="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html"><a href="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html#définir-de-nouveaux-attributs"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30.1.3</b> définir de nouveaux attributs</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30.1.4" data-path="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html"><a href="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html#exemple"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30.1.4</b> Exemple</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30.2" data-path="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html"><a href="ggplot2-techniques-avancées.html#utiliser-ggplot2-dans-des-fonctions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30.2</b> Utiliser <code>ggplot2</code> dans des fonctions</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="references.html"><a href="references.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>References</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30.3" data-path="references.html"><a href="references.html#ggplot2-implémente-la-grammaire-de-la-visualisation"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30.3</b> ggplot2 implémente la grammaire de la visualisation</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30.4" data-path="references.html"><a href="references.html#les-essentiels"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30.4</b> Les essentiels</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30.5" data-path="references.html"><a href="references.html#data-données-source."><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30.5</b> ### Data: Données source.</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30.6" data-path="references.html"><a href="references.html#geoms-marques-de-la-visualisation-points-lignes"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30.6</b> ### Geoms: Marques de la visualisation (points, lignes, …)</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30.6.1" data-path="references.html"><a href="references.html#scales-echelles-de-la-visualisation-position-taille-couleur"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30.6.1</b> Scales: Echelles de la visualisation (position, taille, couleur,…)</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30.7" data-path="references.html"><a href="references.html#la-base"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30.7</b> La base</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="30.8" data-path="references.html"><a href="references.html#ajouter-une-geometrie"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>30.8</b> Ajouter une geometrie</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="31" data-path="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html"><a href="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>31</b> Ajouter un encodage (aesthetics)</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="31.1" data-path="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html"><a href="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html#ajouter-une-facette"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>31.1</b> Ajouter une facette</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="31.2" data-path="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html"><a href="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html#ajuster-la-légende"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>31.2</b> Ajuster la légende</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="31.2.1" data-path="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html"><a href="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html#site-du-tidyverse-httpsggplot2.tidyverse.org"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>31.2.1</b> site du tidyverse: <span>https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org</span></a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="31.2.2" data-path="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html"><a href="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html#r-for-datascience-httpsr4ds.had.co.nz"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>31.2.2</b> R for datascience: <span>https://r4ds.had.co.nz/</span></a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="31.2.3" data-path="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html"><a href="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html#stackoverfow-httpsstackoverflow.com"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>31.2.3</b> stackoverfow: <span>https://stackoverflow.com</span></a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="31.2.4" data-path="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html"><a href="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics.html#votre-moteur-de-recherche-préféré"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>31.2.4</b> votre moteur de recherche préféré</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="32" data-path="todo-2-1.html"><a href="todo-2-1.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>32</b> TODO 2</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="32.0.1" data-path="todo-2-1.html"><a href="todo-2-1.html#représenter-la-distribution-du-nombre-de-miles-per-gallon-en-histogramme"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>32.0.1</b> représenter la distribution du nombre de miles per gallon en histogramme</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="32.0.2" data-path="todo-2-1.html"><a href="todo-2-1.html#représenter-la-distribution-du-nombre-de-miles-per-gallon-en-boxplot"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>32.0.2</b> représenter la distribution du nombre de miles per gallon en boxplot</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="32.0.3" data-path="todo-2-1.html"><a href="todo-2-1.html#representer-la-distribution-du-nombre-de-miles-per-gallon-en-fonction-du-nombre-de-cylindres"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>32.0.3</b> representer la distribution du nombre de miles per gallon en fonction du nombre de cylindres</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="32.0.4" data-path="todo-2-1.html"><a href="todo-2-1.html#ajouter-les-points-par-dessus-la-distribution"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>32.0.4</b> ajouter les points par dessus la distribution</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="32.0.5" data-path="todo-2-1.html"><a href="todo-2-1.html#paufiner-le-plot-axes-titres-thème"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>32.0.5</b> paufiner le plot (axes, titres, thème)</a></li>
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<div id="ajouter-un-encodage-aesthetics" class="section level1">
<h1><span class="header-section-number">Chapitre 31</span> Ajouter un encodage (aesthetics)</h1>
<p>.small[</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb24"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb24-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(iris, </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb24-2" data-line-number="2">       <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>Sepal.Length, </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb24-3" data-line-number="3">           <span class="dt">y=</span>Sepal.Width,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb24-4" data-line-number="4">           <span class="dt">color =</span> Species)) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st">   </span><span class="co">#&lt;&lt;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb24-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">geom_point</span>() </a></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="dataviz_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-53-1.png" width="672" />
]
—
## Ajouter une 2ème géométrie</p>
<p>.small[</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb25"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb25-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(iris, </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb25-2" data-line-number="2">       <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>Sepal.Length, </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb25-3" data-line-number="3">           <span class="dt">y=</span>Sepal.Width,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb25-4" data-line-number="4">           <span class="dt">color =</span> Species)) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st">  </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb25-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">geom_point</span>() <span class="op">+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb25-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">geom_smooth</span>()                <span class="co">#&lt;&lt;</span></a></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## `geom_smooth()` using method = &#39;loess&#39; and formula &#39;y ~ x&#39;</code></pre>
<p><img src="dataviz_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-54-1.png" width="672" />
]</p>
<div id="ajouter-une-facette" class="section level2">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">31.1</span> Ajouter une facette</h2>
<p>.small[</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb27"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb27-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(iris, </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb27-2" data-line-number="2">       <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>Sepal.Length, </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb27-3" data-line-number="3">           <span class="dt">y=</span>Sepal.Width,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb27-4" data-line-number="4">           <span class="dt">color =</span> Species)) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st">  </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb27-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">geom_point</span>() <span class="op">+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb27-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">geom_smooth</span>(<span class="dt">method=</span><span class="st">&#39;lm&#39;</span>, <span class="dt">se=</span><span class="ot">FALSE</span>) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb27-7" data-line-number="7"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">facet_grid</span>(<span class="op">~</span>Species)               <span class="co">#&lt;&lt;</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="dataviz_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-56-1.png" width="672" />
]
—
## Régler le thème</p>
<p>.small[</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb28"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb28-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(iris, </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb28-2" data-line-number="2">       <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>Sepal.Length, </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb28-3" data-line-number="3">           <span class="dt">y=</span>Sepal.Width,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb28-4" data-line-number="4">           <span class="dt">color =</span> Species)) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st">  </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb28-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">geom_point</span>() <span class="op">+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb28-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">geom_smooth</span>(<span class="dt">method=</span><span class="st">&#39;lm&#39;</span>, <span class="dt">se=</span><span class="ot">FALSE</span>) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb28-7" data-line-number="7"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">facet_grid</span>(<span class="op">~</span>Species) <span class="op">+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb28-8" data-line-number="8"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">theme_minimal</span>() <span class="co">#&lt;&lt;</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="dataviz_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-57-1.png" width="672" />
]</p>
</div>
<div id="ajuster-la-légende" class="section level2">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">31.2</span> Ajuster la légende</h2>
<p>.small[</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb29"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb29-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(iris, </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb29-2" data-line-number="2">       <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>Sepal.Length, </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb29-3" data-line-number="3">           <span class="dt">y=</span>Sepal.Width,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb29-4" data-line-number="4">           <span class="dt">color =</span> Species)) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st">  </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb29-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">geom_point</span>()<span class="op">+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb29-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">theme_minimal</span>() <span class="op">+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb29-7" data-line-number="7"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">labs</span>(<span class="dt">title =</span> <span class="st">&quot;Sépales des iris&quot;</span>,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb29-8" data-line-number="8">       <span class="dt">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">&quot;Longueur et largeur des sépales* en fonction de l&#39;espèce&quot;</span>,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb29-9" data-line-number="9">       <span class="dt">x=</span> <span class="st">&quot;Longueur&quot;</span>,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb29-10" data-line-number="10">       <span class="dt">y =</span> <span class="st">&quot;Largeur&quot;</span>,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb29-11" data-line-number="11">       <span class="dt">caption =</span> <span class="st">&quot;* Chacune des pièces du calice de la fleur. / source: Iris dataset&quot;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb29-12" data-line-number="12">  ) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb29-13" data-line-number="13"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">guides</span>(<span class="dt">color =</span> <span class="kw">guide_legend</span>(<span class="dt">title =</span> <span class="st">&quot;Espèce&quot;</span>)) <span class="co">#&lt;&lt;</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="dataviz_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-59-1.png" width="672" />
]
—
## Paufiner le thème</p>
<p>.small[</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb30"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(iris, </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-2" data-line-number="2">       <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>Sepal.Length, </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-3" data-line-number="3">           <span class="dt">y=</span>Sepal.Width,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-4" data-line-number="4">           <span class="dt">color =</span> Species)) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st">  </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">geom_point</span>()<span class="op">+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">theme_minimal</span>() <span class="op">+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-7" data-line-number="7"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">labs</span>(<span class="dt">title =</span> <span class="st">&quot;Sépales des iris&quot;</span>,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-8" data-line-number="8">       <span class="dt">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">&quot;Longueur et largeur des sépales* en fonction de l&#39;espèce&quot;</span>,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-9" data-line-number="9">       <span class="dt">x=</span> <span class="st">&quot;Longueur&quot;</span>,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-10" data-line-number="10">       <span class="dt">y =</span> <span class="st">&quot;Largeur&quot;</span>,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-11" data-line-number="11">       <span class="dt">caption =</span> <span class="st">&quot;* Chacune des pièces du calice de la fleur. / source: Iris dataset&quot;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-12" data-line-number="12">  ) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-13" data-line-number="13"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">guides</span>(<span class="dt">color =</span> <span class="kw">guide_legend</span>(<span class="dt">title =</span> <span class="st">&quot;Espèce&quot;</span>)) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-14" data-line-number="14"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">panel.grid.minor =</span> <span class="kw">element_blank</span>(), <span class="co">#&lt;&lt;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb30-15" data-line-number="15">        <span class="dt">legend.position =</span> <span class="st">&quot;bottom&quot;</span>) <span class="co">#&lt;&lt;</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="dataviz_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-60-1.png" width="672" />
]
—
# A l’aide !!!</p>
<div id="site-du-tidyverse-httpsggplot2.tidyverse.org" class="section level3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">31.2.1</span> site du tidyverse: <a href="">https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org</a></h3>
</div>
<div id="r-for-datascience-httpsr4ds.had.co.nz" class="section level3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">31.2.2</span> R for datascience: <a href="">https://r4ds.had.co.nz/</a></h3>
</div>
<div id="stackoverfow-httpsstackoverflow.com" class="section level3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">31.2.3</span> stackoverfow: <a href="">https://stackoverflow.com</a></h3>
</div>
<div id="votre-moteur-de-recherche-préféré" class="section level3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">31.2.4</span> votre moteur de recherche préféré</h3>
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