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lab03_webscraping.html 19KB

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  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="" xml:lang="">
  3. <head>
  4. <title>Web scraping</title>
  5. <meta charset="utf-8" />
  6. <meta name="author" content="Maxime Wack" />
  7. <link href="libs/remark-css-0.0.1/default.css" rel="stylesheet" />
  8. <script src="libs/htmlwidgets-1.5.1/htmlwidgets.js"></script>
  9. <script src="libs/jquery-1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
  10. <link href="libs/datatables-css-0.0.0/datatables-crosstalk.css" rel="stylesheet" />
  11. <script src="libs/datatables-binding-0.10/datatables.js"></script>
  12. <link href="libs/dt-core-1.10.19/css/jquery.dataTables.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
  13. <link href="libs/dt-core-1.10.19/css/jquery.dataTables.extra.css" rel="stylesheet" />
  14. <script src="libs/dt-core-1.10.19/js/jquery.dataTables.min.js"></script>
  15. <link href="libs/crosstalk-1.0.0/css/crosstalk.css" rel="stylesheet" />
  16. <script src="libs/crosstalk-1.0.0/js/crosstalk.min.js"></script>
  17. <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/my_style.css" type="text/css" />
  18. </head>
  19. <body>
  20. <textarea id="source">
  21. class: center, middle, title
  22. # UE Visualisation
  23. ### 2019-2020
  24. ## Dr. Maxime Wack
  25. ### AHU Informatique médicale
  26. #### Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, &lt;/br&gt; Université de Paris
  27. ---
  28. # Web scraping
  29. ### Utilisation de `httr` et `rvest`
  30. ## httr
  31. Permet de faire des requêtes réseau
  32. → interroger et télécharger directement depuis R
  33. ## rvest
  34. Extraction de données depuis des pages HTML
  35. ---
  36. # httr
  37. Télécharger une page wikipedia
  38. ```r
  39. GET("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems") -&gt; wiki
  40. ```
  41. ```
  42. ## Response [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems]
  43. ## Date: 2019-11-18 18:17
  44. ## Status: 200
  45. ## Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
  46. ## Size: 241 kB
  47. ## &lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
  48. ## &lt;html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"&gt;
  49. ## &lt;head&gt;
  50. ## &lt;meta charset="UTF-8"/&gt;
  51. ## &lt;title&gt;Comparison of operating systems - Wikipedia&lt;/title&gt;
  52. ## &lt;script&gt;document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames...
  53. ## "Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018","Articles with unsourced s...
  54. ## "wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3345986","wgCentralAuthMob...
  55. ## "ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert"...
  56. ## &lt;script&gt;(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.tokens...
  57. ## ...
  58. ```
  59. ---
  60. # Parsing HTML
  61. ```r
  62. wiki %&gt;%
  63. read_html -&gt; wiki_html
  64. ```
  65. ```
  66. ## {html_document}
  67. ## &lt;html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"&gt;
  68. ## [1] &lt;head&gt;\n&lt;meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8 ...
  69. ## [2] &lt;body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject ...
  70. ```
  71. ---
  72. # Sélecteurs CSS
  73. [W3Schools](https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css_selectors.asp)
  74. ### Selecteurs permettant d'identifier un **nœud** précis dans le **DOM** (Document Object Model) d'une page HTML
  75. ### Permet de sélectionner par identifiant, classe, position dans la hiérarchie, position entre élements d'un même niveau, ou relativement entre élements
  76. ### Utiliser l'**inspecteur** des outils de développement du navigateur pour identifier les éléments à capturer
  77. ---
  78. # Sélecteurs CSS
  79. ```r
  80. wiki_html %&gt;%
  81. html_nodes(".wikitable")
  82. ```
  83. ```
  84. ## {xml_nodeset (4)}
  85. ## [1] &lt;table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: ...
  86. ## [2] &lt;table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: ...
  87. ## [3] &lt;table class="wikitable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; w ...
  88. ## [4] &lt;table class="wikitable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; w ...
  89. ```
  90. ```r
  91. wiki_html %&gt;%
  92. html_node("div + .wikitable")
  93. ```
  94. ```
  95. ## {html_node}
  96. ## &lt;table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; width: auto; sortby: name;"&gt;
  97. ## [1] &lt;tbody&gt;\n&lt;tr&gt;\n&lt;th&gt;Name\n&lt;/th&gt;\n&lt;th&gt;Creator\n&lt;/th&gt;\n&lt;th abbr="Initial rel ...
  98. ```
  99. ---
  100. # Extraction d'une table
  101. ```r
  102. wiki_html %&gt;%
  103. html_node("div + .wikitable") %&gt;%
  104. html_table -&gt; wikitable
  105. ```
  106. <div id="htmlwidget-091df5e78bc68f820c56" style="width:100%;height:auto;" class="datatables html-widget"></div>
  107. <script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-091df5e78bc68f820c56">{"x":{"filter":"none","data":[["AIX","Android","AmigaOS classic","AmigaOS 4","Chrome OS","DragonFly BSD","FreeBSD","Genode","GhostBSD","eComStation","EPOC32","GNU/Linux","Haiku","HP-UX","IBM i","Inferno","iOS","IRIX","Classic Mac OS","MVS","macOS","macOS Server","MPE","MCP","MPE/XL","MINIX 3","NetBSD","NetWare","NeXTSTEP","OpenBSD","OpenIndiana","OpenVMS","OS/360","OS/390","OS 2200","OS/2","Plan 9","QNX","Solaris","Symbian","Symbian platform","Windows Server (NT family)","Windows (NT family)","Windows (classic 9x family)","RISC iX","RISC OS","RISC OS 4","RISC OS 5","RISC OS 6","ZETA","STOP 6, XTS-400","ReactOS","TrueOS","VxWorks","z/OS","z/VSE","z/VM","HP NonStop","Name"],["IBM","Android, Inc., Google","Commodore International, Haage &amp; Partner, Hyperion Entertainment","Hyperion Entertainment","Google","Matthew Dillon","The FreeBSD Project","Genode Labs","Eric Turgeon","Serenity Systems, Mensys BV","Psion PLC","Notable contributors include: Richard Stallman for GNU Project and Linus Torvalds for Linux and the Unixes they emulated; Red Hat, Debian Project See: Comparison of Linux distributions and Linux Kernel#Development","Haiku Inc.","Hewlett-Packard","IBM","Bell Labs","Apple Inc.","SGI","Apple Inc.","IBM","Apple Inc.","Apple Inc.","HP","Unisys","HP","Andrew S. 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  108. ---
  109. # Exercices
  110. ### Transformer cette table en forme normale
  111. ### Extraire la table avec les informations techniques
  112. ### Identifier les OS libres fonctionnant avec un microkernel
  113. </textarea>
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